[Q33-Q56] Exam Passing Guarantee May 23, 2024 CTFL_Syll_4.0 Exam with Accurate Quastions!

Exam Passing Guarantee May 23, 2024 CTFL_Syll_4.0 Exam with Accurate Quastions!

Test Engine to Practice Test for CTFL_Syll_4.0 Valid and Updated Dumps

NEW QUESTION # 33
A Test Manager conducts risk assessment for a project. One of the identified risks is: The sub-contractor may fail to meet his commitment". If this risk materializes. it will lead to delay in completion of testing required for the current cycle.
Which of the following sentences correctly describes the risk?

• A. It is a product risk since any risk associated with development timeline is a product risk.
• B. It is no longer a risk for the Test Manager since an independent party (the sub-contractor) is now managing it
• C. It is a object risk since successful completion of the object depends on successful and timely completion of the tests
• D. It is a product risk since default on part of the sub-contractor may lead to delay in release of the product

Answer: D

Explanation:
A product risk is a risk that affects the quality or timeliness of the software product being developed or tested1. Product risks are related to the requirements, design, implementation, verification, and maintenance of the software product2.
The risk of the sub-contractor failing to meet his commitment is a product risk, as it could cause a delay in the completion of the testing required for the current cycle, which in turn could affect the release date of the product. The release date is an important aspect of the product quality, as it reflects the customer satisfaction and the market competitiveness of the product3.
The other options are not correct because:
A) It is not true that any risk associated with development timeline is a product risk. Some risks could be project risks, which are risks that affect the management or control of the software project, such as budget, resources, schedule, or communication1. For example, a risk of losing a key project stakeholder is a project risk, not a product risk.
B) It is not true that the risk is no longer a risk for the Test Manager since an independent party is managing it. The Test Manager is still responsible for ensuring that the testing activities are completed according to the test plan and the quality objectives4. The Test Manager should monitor and control the sub-contractor's performance and communicate with him regularly to identify and mitigate any potential issues or deviations5.
C) It is not clear what is meant by "object" in this option, but it could be interpreted as the software system under test or the test object6. In any case, the risk is not an object risk, as it does not affect the successful completion of the object, but rather the successful completion of the testing of the object. An object risk could be a risk that affects the functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, or portability of the software system under test2. For example, a risk of the software system having a high complexity or a low testability is an object risk, not a product risk.
Reference =
1 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 97
2 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 98
3 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 99
4 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 100
5 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 101
6 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 102

NEW QUESTION # 34
Which of the following is a task the Author is responsible for, as part of a typical formal review?

• A. Identifying potential anomalies in the work product under review
• B. Fixing the anomalies found in the work product under review
• C. Recording the anomalies found during the review meeting
• D. Determining the people who will be involved in the review

Answer: A

Explanation:
This answer is correct because identifying potential anomalies in the work product under review is one of the tasks the Author is responsible for, as part of a typical formal review. The Author is the person who creates the work product to be reviewed, such as a requirement specification, a design document, or a test case. The Author's tasks include preparing the work product for the review, identifying potential anomalies in the work product, and fixing the anomalies found in the work product after the review. Reference: ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Section 2.4.2.1

NEW QUESTION # 35
The acceptance criteria associated with a user story:

• A. are often written in a rule-oriented format using the template referred to as "Given/When/Then"
• B. can be written in different formats and represent an aspect of a user story referred to as confirmation' of the so called "3 C's"
• C. are often documented following in rule-oriented format using the following template: "As a [role], I want [feature], so that I can [benefit]"
• D. must be written in one of the two following formats: scenario-oriented or rule-oriented

Answer: B

Explanation:
Explanation
The acceptance criteria associated with a user story are the conditions that must be met for the user story to be considered done and to deliver the expected value to the user. They are often written in different formats, such as rule-oriented, scenario-oriented, or table-oriented, depending on the nature and complexity of the user story.They represent an aspect of a user story referred to as confirmation, which is one of the so called "3 C's" of user stories. The other two aspects are card and conversation. Card refers to the concise and informal description of the user story, usually following the template: "As a [role], I want [feature], so that I can
[benefit]". Conversation refers to the ongoing dialogue between the stakeholders and the team members to clarify and refine the user story and its acceptance criteria. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.01, Section 3.2.2, page 35-36; ISTQB Glossary v4.02, page 37.

NEW QUESTION # 36
Which of the following s the most correct statement about state testing techniques?

• A. Static techniques can be used by inexperienced users.
• B. Static techniques are always cheaper than dynamic techniques.
• C. Static techniques can be used before all code is ready for execution
• D. Static techniques find more detects then dynamic techniques.

Answer: C

Explanation:
State testing techniques are a type of dynamic testing techniques that are based on the behavior of the system under test for different input conditions and events. Dynamic testing techniques require the system to be executed with test cases, whereas static testing techniques do not. Static testing techniques can be applied before the code is ready for execution, such as reviews, inspections, walkthroughs, and static analysis. Static testing techniques can help find defects early in the development process, improve the quality of the code, and reduce the cost and effort of dynamic testing. Reference = ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 Syllabus, Chapter 4, Section 4.2.1, Page 281; ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Page 292

NEW QUESTION # 37
Test automation allows you to:

• A. demonstrate the absence of defects
• B. increase test process efficiency by facilitating management of defects
• C. produce tests that are less subject to human errors
• D. avoid performing exploratory testing

Answer: C

Explanation:
Test automation allows you to produce tests that are less subject to human errors, as they can execute predefined test scripts or test cases with consistent inputs, outputs, and expected results. Test automation can also reduce the manual effort and time required to execute repetitive or tedious tests, such as regression tests, performance tests, or data-driven tests. Test automation does not demonstrate the absence of defects, as it can only verify the expected behavior of the system under test, not the unexpected or unknown behavior. Test automation does not avoid performing exploratory testing, as exploratory testing is a valuable technique to discover new information, risks, or defects that are not covered by automated tests. Test automation does not increase test process efficiency by facilitating management of defects, as defect management is a separate activity that involves reporting, tracking, analyzing, and resolving defects, which may or may not be related to automated tests. Reference: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 sources and documents:
ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 3.3.1, Test Automation1 ISTQB® Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Test Automation2

NEW QUESTION # 38
A new web app aims at offering a rich user experience. As a functional tester, you have run some functional tests to verify that, before releasing the app, such app works correctly on several mobile devices, all of which are listed as supported devices within the requirements specification. These tests were performed on stable and isolated test environments where you were the only user interacting with the application. All tests passed, but in some of those tests you observed the following issue: on some mobile devices only, the response time for two web pages containing images was extremely slow.
Based only on the given information, which of the following recommendation would you follow?

• A. The issue is related to performance efficiency, not functionality. Thus, as a functional tester, you should not open any defect report as all the functional tests passed
• B. You should open a defect report providing detailed information on which devices and by running which tests you observed the issue
• C. You should not open any defect report and inform the test manager that the devices on which you observed the issue should no longer be supported so that they will be removed from the requirements specification
• D. You should not open any defect report as the problem is most likely due to poor hardware equipment on the devices where you observed the issue

Answer: B

Explanation:
As a functional tester, you should open a defect report providing detailed information on which devices and by running which tests you observed the issue. A defect report is a document that records the occurrence, nature, and status of a defect detected during testing, and provides information for further investigation and resolution. A defect report should include relevant information such as the defect summary, the defect description, the defect severity, the defect priority, the defect status, the defect origin, the defect category, the defect reproduction steps, the defect screenshots, the defect attachments, etc. Opening a defect report is a good practice for any tester who finds a defect in the software system, regardless of the type or level of testing performed. The other options are not recommended, because:
The issue is related to performance efficiency, not functionality, but that does not mean that as a functional tester, you should not open any defect report as all the functional tests passed. Performance efficiency is a quality characteristic that measures how well the software system performs its functions under stated conditions, such as the response time, the resource utilization, the throughput, etc. Performance efficiency is an important aspect of the user experience, especially for web applications that run on different devices and networks. Even if the functional tests passed, meaning that the software system met the functional requirements, the performance issue observed on some devices could still affect the user satisfaction, the usability, the reliability, and the security of the software system. Therefore, as a functional tester, you have the responsibility to report the performance issue as a defect, and provide as much information as possible to help the developers or the performance testers to investigate and resolve it.

NEW QUESTION # 39
The following 4 equivalence classes are given:

Which of the following alternatives includes correct test values for x. based on equivalence partitioning?

• A. -100; 100:1000; 1001
• B. -99; 99:101; 1001
• C. -1000; -100; 100; 1000
• D. -500; 0; 100; 1000

Answer: C

Explanation:
The question is about selecting the correct test values for x based on equivalence partitioning. Equivalence partitioning is a software test design technique that divides the input data of a software unit into partitions of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. In this case, the given equivalence classes are:
(x \leq -100)
(-100 < x < 100)
(100 \leq x < 1000)
(x \geq 1000)
Option D provides a value from each of these partitions:
For (x \leq -100), it gives -1000.
For (-100 < x < 100), it gives -100 and 100.
For (100 \leq x < 1000), it gives 500.
For (x \geq 1000), it gives 1500.
So, option D covers all four given equivalence classes with appropriate values.
Reference:
1: ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 38
2: ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 39
3: ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 40

NEW QUESTION # 40
Which of the following statements is true?

• A. Sequential development models impose the use of systematic test techniques and do not allow the use of experience-based test techniques
• B. In Agile software development, work product documentation tends to be lightweight and manual tests tend to be often unscripted as they are often produced using experience-based test techniques
• C. Both in Agile software development and in sequential development models, such as the V-model, test levels tend to overlap since they do not usually have defined entry and exit criteria
• D. In Agile software development, the first iterations are exclusively dedicated to testing activities, as testing will be used to drive development, which will be performed in the subsequent iterations

Answer: B

Explanation:
Explanation
This answer is correct because in Agile software development, work product documentation, such as user stories, acceptance criteria, or test cases, tends to be lightweight and concise, as the focus is on working software and frequent communication rather than comprehensive documentation. Manual tests tend to be often unscripted, as they are often produced using experience-based test techniques, such as error guessing or exploratory testing, which rely onthe tester's skills, knowledge, and creativity to find defects and provide feedback. References: ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Section 3.1.1.2, Section 3.2.1.2

NEW QUESTION # 41
The following rules determine the annual bonus to be paid to a salesman of a company based on the total annual amount of the sales made (referredto as TAS).
If the TAS is between 50k€ and 80k€, the bonus is 10%. If the TAS exceeds 80k€ by a value not greater than
40k€, the bonus is 15%. Finally, if the TAS
exceeds the maximum threshold which entitles to a 15% bonus, the bonus is 22%.
Consider applying equivalence partitioning to the TAS (Note: 1k€ = 1000 euros).
Which one of the following answers contain only test cases that belong to the same equivalence partition?

• A. TC1 = 79k€; TC2= 80k€; TC3=81k€; TC4=82k€
• B. TC1 = 90k€; TC2= 110k€; TC3=125k€: TC4=140k€
• C. TC1 = 81 k€; TC2= 97k€; TC3=111k€; TC4=118k€
• D. TC1 = 40k€; TC2= 46k€; TC3=51k€; TC4=53k€

Answer: C

Explanation:
Explanation
This answer is correct because equivalence partitioning is a test design technique that divides the input domain of a system or component into partitions of equivalent data, such that each partition is expected to produce the same output or behavior. Equivalence partitioning aims to reduce the number of test cases by selecting one representative value from each partition. In this case, the input domain of the TAS can be divided into four partitions based on the bonus rules: less than 50k€, between 50k€ and 80k€, between 80k€ and 120k€, and more than 120k€. The test cases in the answer belong to the same partition, which is between 80k€ and 120k€, and they are expected to produce the same output, which is a bonus of 15%. References: ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Section 2.3.2.1

NEW QUESTION # 42
Which of the following statements is an example of testing contributing to higher quality?

• A. A tester installs a test ten in the lest environment
• B. A test leader writes a test summary report
• C. A project manager asks to a test leader to estimate the test effort
• D. A tester finds a bug which is resolved prior to release

Answer: D

Explanation:
The question is about identifying an example of testing contributing to higher quality. Quality is the degree to which a component, system or process meets specified requirements and/or user/customer needs and expectations1. Testing is the process consisting of all lifecycle activities, both static and dynamic, concerned with planning, preparation and evaluation of software products and related work products to determine that they satisfy specified requirements, to demonstrate that they are fit for purpose and to detect defects2.
Therefore, testing contributes to higher quality by verifying and validating that the software products and related work products meet the specified requirements, are fit for purpose and have no defects, or at least have a reduced number of defects. Testing also provides information about the quality of the software products and related work products to the stakeholders, who can make informed decisions based on the test results3.
Out of the four given statements, only option D is an example of testing contributing to higher quality, as it shows that testing has detected a defect (a flaw in a component or system that can cause the component or system to fail to perform its required function4) and that the defect has been resolved (fixed and confirmed) prior to release (delivery of the software product to the customer or end user). This means that testing has prevented a potential failure (an event in which a component or system does not perform a required function within specified limits) from occurring in the operational environment, and thus has improved the quality of the software product.
Option A is not an example of testing contributing to higher quality, as it is a reporting activity that summarizes the test results and evaluates the test objectives, but does not directly affect the quality of the software product or related work products. A test summary report is a document that records and communicates the outcomes of testing activities, including test completion criteria, test results, incident reports, test summary and evaluation, and lessons learned.
Option B is not an example of testing contributing to higher quality, as it is a planning activity that estimates the resources and time needed for testing activities, but does not directly affect the quality of the software product or related work products. A test effort estimate is an approximation of the amount of work and/or the duration of time required to perform testing activities.
Option C is not an example of testing contributing to higher quality, as it is a preparation activity that sets up the test environment (an environment containing hardware, instrumentation, simulators, software tools, and other support elements needed to conduct a test), but does not directly affect the quality of the software product or related work products. A test environment installation is a process of installing and configuring the test environment according to the test environment specification.
Reference:
1: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 10
2: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 11
3: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 12
4: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 13
5: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 13
6: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 77
7: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 78
8: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 79
9: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 80
10: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 81
11: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 82
12: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 83
13: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 84
14: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 85
15: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 86
16: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 87
17: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 88
18: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 89
19: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 90
20: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 91
21: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 92
22: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 93
23: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 94
24: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 95
25: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 96
26: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 97
27: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 98
28: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 99
29: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 100
30: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 101
31: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 102
32: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 103
33: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 104
34: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 105
35: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 106
36: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 107

NEW QUESTION # 43
The whole-team approach:

• A. promotes the idea that all team members should have a thorough understanding of test techniques
• B. promotes the idea that all team members should be responsible for the quality of the product
• C. is a consensus-based approach that engages the whole team in estimating the user stories
• D. is mostly adopted in projects aimed at developing safety-critical systems, as it ensures the highest level of testing independence

Answer: B

Explanation:
This answer is correct because the whole-team approach is a way of working in agile projects where all team members share the responsibility for the quality of the product, and collaborate on delivering value to the customer. The whole-team approach involves testers, developers, business analysts, product owners, and other stakeholders in planning, designing, developing, testing, and delivering the product. The whole-team approach fosters communication, feedback, learning, and continuous improvement within the team. Reference: ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Section 3.1.1.1

NEW QUESTION # 44
The following rules determine the annual bonus to be paid to a salesman of a company based on the total annual amount of the sales made (referred to as TAS).
If the TAS is between 50k€ and 80k€, the bonus is 10%. If the TAS exceeds 80k€ by a value not greater than 40k€, the bonus is 15%. Finally, if the TAS exceeds the maximum threshold which entitles to a 15% bonus, the bonus is 22%.
Consider applying equivalence partitioning to the TAS (Note: 1k€ = 1000 euros).
Which one of the following answers contain only test cases that belong to the same equivalence partition?

• A. TC1 = 79k€; TC2= 80k€; TC3=81k€; TC4=82k€
• B. TC1 = 90k€; TC2= 110k€; TC3=125k€: TC4=140k€
• C. TC1 = 81 k€; TC2= 97k€; TC3=111k€; TC4=118k€
• D. TC1 = 40k€; TC2= 46k€; TC3=51k€; TC4=53k€

Answer: C

Explanation:
This answer is correct because equivalence partitioning is a test design technique that divides the input domain of a system or component into partitions of equivalent data, such that each partition is expected to produce the same output or behavior. Equivalence partitioning aims to reduce the number of test cases by selecting one representative value from each partition. In this case, the input domain of the TAS can be divided into four partitions based on the bonus rules: less than 50k€, between 50k€ and 80k€, between 80k€ and 120k€, and more than 120k€. The test cases in the answer belong to the same partition, which is between 80k€ and 120k€, and they are expected to produce the same output, which is a bonus of 15%. Reference: ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Section 2.3.2.1

NEW QUESTION # 45
Which of the following is a task the Author is responsible for, as part of a typical formal review?

• A. Identifying potential anomalies in the work product under review
• B. Fixing the anomalies found in the work product under review
• C. Recording the anomalies found during the review meeting
• D. Determining the people who will be involved in the review

Answer: A

Explanation:
Explanation
This answer is correct because identifying potential anomalies in the work product under review is one of the tasks the Author is responsible for, as part of a typical formal review. The Author is the person who creates the work product to be reviewed, such as a requirement specification, a design document, or a test case. The Author's tasks include preparing the work product for the review, identifying potential anomalies in the work product, and fixing the anomalies found in the work product after the review. References: ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Section 2.4.2.1

NEW QUESTION # 46
Which of the following statements about error guessing is true?

• A. Experienced testers, when applying error guessing technique, can anticipate where errors, defects and failures have occurred and target their tests at those issues
• B. Error guessing refers to the ability of a system or component to continue normal operation despite the presence of erroneous inputs
• C. Experienced testers, when applying error guessing, rely on the use of a high-level list of what needs to be tested as a guide to find defects
• D. Error guessing is a system that adopts artificial intelligence to predict whether software components are likely to contain defects or not

Answer: A

Explanation:
Explanation
This answer is correct because error guessing is a test design technique where the experience and intuition of the tester are used to anticipate where errors, defects and failures have occurred or are likely to occur, and to design test cases to expose them. Error guessing can be based on factors such as the complexity of the system or component, the known or suspected weaknesses of the system or component, the previous history of defects, or the common types of errors in the domain or technology. Error guessing can be used as a complementary technique to other more systematic or formal techniques, or when there is insufficient information or time to apply them. References: ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Section 2.3.2.5

NEW QUESTION # 47
Which of the following statements about the value of maintaining traceability between the test basis and test work products is not true?

• A. Traceability can be useful for assessing the impact of a change to a test basis item on the corresponding tests
• B. Traceability can be useful for determining how many test basis items are covered by the corresponding tests
• C. Traceability can be useful for determining the most suitable test techniques to be used in a testing project
• D. Traceability can be useful to support the needs required by the auditing of testing

Answer: C

Explanation:
Explanation
Traceability is the ability to trace the relationships between the items of the test basis, such as the requirements, the design, the risks, etc., and the test artifacts, such as the test cases, the test results, the defects, etc. Traceability can provide various benefits for the testing process, such as improving the test coverage, the test quality, the test efficiency, and the test communication. However, not all the statements given are true about the value of maintaining traceability between the test basis and test work products. The statement that is not true is option C, which says that test objectives should be the same for all test levels, although the number of tests designed at various levels can vary significantly. This statement is false, because test objectives are the goals or the purposes of testing, which can vary depending on the test level, the test type, the test technique, the test environment, the test stakeholder, etc. Test objectives can be defined in terms of the test basis, the test coverage, the test quality, the test risk, the test cost, the test time, etc. Test objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound, and they should be aligned with the project objectives and the quality characteristics. Test objectives should not be the same for all test levels, as different test levels have different focuses, scopes, and perspectives of testing, such as component testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing. The other statements are true about the value of maintaining traceability between the test basis and test work products, such as:
Traceability can be useful for assessing the impact of a change to a test basis item on the corresponding tests: This statement is true, because traceability can help to identify which tests are affected by a change in the test basis, such as a new requirement, a modified design, a revised risk, etc., and to determine thenecessary actions to update, re-execute, or re-evaluate the tests. Traceability can also help to estimate the effort, the cost, and the time needed to implement the change and to verify its impact on the software system.
Traceability can be useful for determining how many test basis items are covered by the corresponding tests: This statement is true, because traceability can help to measure the test coverage, which is the degree to which the test basis is exercised by the test cases. Traceability can help to identify which test basis items are covered, partially covered, or not covered by the tests, and to evaluate the adequacy, the completeness, and the effectiveness of the testing process. Traceability can also help to identify the gaps, the overlaps, or the redundancies in the test coverage, and to prioritize, optimize, or improve the test cases.
Traceability can be useful to support the needs required by the auditing of testing: This statement is true, because traceability can help to provide evidence, documentation, and justification for the testing activities, results, and outcomes. Traceability can help to demonstrate that the testing process follows the standards, the regulations, the policies, and the best practices that are applicable to the software system, the project, or the organization. Traceability can also help to verify that the testing process meets the expectations, the needs, and the satisfaction of the users and the stakeholders. References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 sources and documents:
ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 1.2.2, Testing Policies, Strategies, and Test Approaches1 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.1.1, Test Planning1 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.1.2, Test Monitoring and Control1 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.1.3, Test Analysis and Design1 ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Traceability, Test Basis, Test Artifact, Test Objective, Test Level, Test Coverage, Test Quality, Test Risk, Test Cost, Test Time2

NEW QUESTION # 48
Which of the following statements about static testing and dynamic testing is true?

• A. Both static testing and dynamic testing can be used to highlight issues associated with non-functional characteristics
• B. Unlike dynamic testing, which focuses on detecting potential defects, static testing focuses on detecting failures which may be due to actual defects
• C. Unlike dynamic testing, which can be also performed manually, static testing cannot be performed without specialized tools
• D. Static testing is usually much less cost-effective than dynamic testing

Answer: A

Explanation:
Explanation
This answer is correct because static testing and dynamic testing are both types of testing that can be used to highlight issues associated with non-functional characteristics, such as usability, performance, security, reliability, etc. Static testing is a type of testing that involves the analysis of software work products, such as requirements, design, code, or test cases, without executing them. Dynamic testing is a type of testing that involves the execution of software work products, such as code or test cases, using inputs and verifying outputs. Both static testing and dynamic testing can be applied to different test levels and test types, and can use different test techniques and tools, to evaluate the non-functional characteristics of the software product. References: ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Section
2.2.1.1, Section 2.2.1.2

NEW QUESTION # 49
Which of the following statements about white-box test techniques is true?

• A. Code-related white-box test techniques provide an objective measure of coverage and can be used to complement black-box test techniques to increase confidence in the code
• B. Branch coverage is the most thorough code-related white-box test technique, and therefore applicable standards prescribe achieving full branch coverage at the highest safety levels for safety-critical systems
• C. Achieving full statement coverage and full branch coverage for a software product means that such software product has been fully tested and there are no remaining bugs within the code
• D. Code-related white-box test techniques are not required to measure the actual code coverage achieved by black-box testing, as code coverage can be measured using the coverage criteria associated with black-box test techniques

Answer: A

Explanation:
This answer is correct because code-related white-box test techniques are test design techniques that use the structure of the code to derive test cases. They provide an objective measure of coverage, such as statement coverage, branch coverage, or path coverage, which indicate how much of the code has been exercised by the test cases. Code-related white-box test techniques can be used to complement black-box test techniques, which are test design techniques that use the functional or non-functional requirements of the system or component to derive test cases. By combining both types of techniques, testers can increase their confidence in the code and find more defects. Reference: ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Section 2.3.2.2

NEW QUESTION # 50
The four test levels used in ISTQB syllabus are:
1. Component (unit) testing
2. Integration testing
3. System testing
4. Acceptance testing
An organization wants to do away with integration testing but otherwise follow V-model. Which of the following statements is correct?

• A. It is allowed because integration testing is not an important test level arc! can be dispensed with.
• B. It is not allowed because integration testing is a very important test level and ignoring i: means definite poor product quality
• C. It is allowed as organizations can decide on men test levels to do depending on the context of the system under test
• D. It is not allowed as organizations can't change the test levels as these are chosen on the basis of the SDLC (software development life cycle) model

Answer: D

Explanation:
The V-model is a software development life cycle model that defines four test levels that correspond to four development phases: component (unit) testing with component design, integration testing with architectural design, system testing with system requirements, and acceptance testing with user requirements. The V-model emphasizes the importance of verifying and validating each phase of development with a corresponding level of testing, and ensuring that the test objectives, test basis, and test artifacts are aligned and consistent across the test levels. Therefore, an organization that wants to follow the V-model cannot do away with integration testing, as it would break the symmetry and completeness of the V-model, and compromise the quality and reliability of the software or system under test. Integration testing is a test level that aims to test the interactions and interfaces between components or subsystems, and to detect any defects or inconsistencies that may arise from the integration of different parts of the software or system. Integration testing is essential for ensuring the functionality, performance, and compatibility of the software or system as a whole, and for identifying and resolving any integration issues early in the development process. Skipping integration testing would increase the risk of finding serious defects later in the test process, or worse, in the production environment, which would be more costly and difficult to fix, and could damage the reputation and credibility of the organization. Therefore, the correct answer is D.
The other options are incorrect because:
A) It is not allowed as organizations can decide on the test levels to do depending on the context of the system under test. While it is true that the choice and scope of test levels may vary depending on the context of the system under test, such as the size, complexity, criticality, and risk level of the system, the organization cannot simply ignore or skip a test level that is defined and required by the chosen software development life cycle model. The organization must follow the principles and guidelines of the software development life cycle model, and ensure that the test levels are consistent and coherent with the development phases. If the organization wants to have more flexibility and adaptability in choosing the test levels, it should consider using a different software development life cycle model, such as an agile or iterative model, that allows for more dynamic and incremental testing approaches.
B) It is not allowed because integration testing is not an important test level and can be dispensed with. This statement is false and misleading, as integration testing is a very important test level that cannot be dispensed with. Integration testing is vital for testing the interactions and interfaces between components or subsystems, and for ensuring the functionality, performance, and compatibility of the software or system as a whole. Integration testing can reveal defects or inconsistencies that may not be detected by component (unit) testing alone, such as interface errors, data flow errors, integration logic errors, or performance degradation. Integration testing can also help to verify and validate the architectural design and the integration strategy of the software or system, and to ensure that the software or system meets the specified and expected quality attributes, such as reliability, usability, security, and maintainability. Integration testing can also provide feedback and confidence to the developers and stakeholders about the progress and quality of the software or system development. Therefore, integration testing is a crucial and indispensable test level that should not be skipped or omitted.
C) It is not allowed because integration testing is a very important test level and ignoring it means definite poor product quality. This statement is partially true, as integration testing is a very important test level that should not be ignored, and skipping it could result in poor product quality. However, this statement is too strong and absolute, as it implies that integration testing is the only factor that determines the product quality, and that ignoring it would guarantee a poor product quality. This is not necessarily the case, as there may be other factors that affect the product quality, such as the quality of the requirements, design, code, and other test levels, the effectiveness and efficiency of the test techniques and tools, the competence and experience of the developers and testers, the availability and adequacy of the resources and environment, the management and communication of the project, and the expectations and satisfaction of the customers and users. Therefore, while integration testing is a very important test level that should not be skipped, it is not the only test level that matters, and skipping it does not necessarily mean definite poor product quality, but rather a higher risk and likelihood of poor product quality.
Reference = ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus, Version 4.0, 2018, Section 2.3, pages 16-18; ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms, Version 4.0, 2018, pages 38-39; ISTQB CTFL 4.0 - Sample Exam - Answers, Version 1.1, 2023, Question 104, page 36.

NEW QUESTION # 51
Who of the following has the best knowledge to decide what tests in a test project should be automated?

• A. The test leader
• B. The development manager
• C. The developer
• D. The customer

Answer: A

Explanation:
The test leader is the person who is responsible for planning, monitoring, and controlling the test activities and resources in a test project. The test leader should have the best knowledge of the test objectives, scope, risks, resources, schedule, and quality criteria. The test leader should also be aware of the test automation criteria, such as the execution frequency, the test support, the team education, the roles and responsibilities, and the devs and testers collaboration1. Based on these factors, the test leader can decide which tests are suitable for automation and which are not, and prioritize them accordingly. The test leader can also coordinate with the test automation engineers, the developers, and the stakeholders to ensure the alignment of the test automation strategy with the test project goals and expectations. Reference = ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 Syllabus, Chapter 2, Section 2.3.1, Page 152; ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Page 403; ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 Syllabus, Chapter 6, Section 6.1.1, Page 514; Top 8 Test Automation Criteria You Need To Fulfill - QAMIND1

NEW QUESTION # 52
A company runs a pilot project for evaluation of a test automation tool. Which of the following is NOT a valid object of this pilot project?

• A. Train all testers on using the tool
• B. Get familiar with the functionality and options of the tool
• C. Check haw the tool fits to the existing test processes
• D. Decide upon standards for tool implementation

Answer: A

Explanation:
A pilot project is a small-scale experiment or trial that is conducted to evaluate the feasibility, effectiveness, and suitability of a test automation tool before implementing it on a larger scale1.
The objectives of a pilot project may vary depending on the context and scope of the test automation initiative, but some common ones are2:
To get familiar with the functionality and options of the tool
To check how the tool fits to the existing test processes and environment To assess the benefits and challenges of using the tool To decide upon standards and guidelines for tool implementation and usage To estimate the costs and resources required for tool deployment and maintenance Therefore, option C is not a valid objective of a pilot project, as it is not necessary to train all testers on using the tool at this stage. Training all testers on using the tool would be more appropriate after the tool has been selected and approved for full-scale implementation, and after the standards and guidelines have been established. Training all testers on using the tool during the pilot project would be inefficient, costly, and premature, as the tool may not be suitable or effective for the intended purpose, or may be replaced by another tool later.
Reference:
1: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 82
2: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 83
3: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 84
4: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus 2018, Version 4.0, p. 85

NEW QUESTION # 53
The whole-team approach:

• A. promotes the idea that all team members should have a thorough understanding of test techniques
• B. promotes the idea that all team members should be responsible for the quality of the product
• C. is a consensus-based approach that engages the whole team in estimating the user stories
• D. is mostly adopted in projects aimed at developing safety-critical systems, as it ensures the highest level of testing independence

Answer: B

Explanation:
Explanation
This answer is correct because the whole-team approach is a way of working in agile projects where all team members share the responsibility for the quality of the product, and collaborate on delivering value to the customer. The whole-team approach involves testers, developers, business analysts, product owners, and other stakeholders in planning, designing, developing, testing, and delivering the product. The whole-team approach fosters communication, feedback, learning, and continuous improvement within the team. References: ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Section 3.1.1.1

NEW QUESTION # 54
A new web app aims at offering a rich user experience. As a functional tester, you have run some functional tests to verify that, before releasing the app, such app works correctly on several mobile devices, all of which are listed as supported devices within the requirements specification. These tests were performed on stable and isolated test environments where you were the only user interacting with the application. All tests passed, but in some of those tests you observed the following issue: on some mobile devices only, the response time for two web pages containing images was extremely slow.
Based only on the given information, which of the following recommendation would you follow?

• A. The issue is related to performance efficiency, not functionality. Thus, as a functional tester, you should not open any defect report as all the functional tests passed
• B. You should open a defect report providing detailed information on which devices and by running which tests you observed the issue
• C. You should not open any defect report and inform the test manager that the devices on which you observed the issue should no longer be supported so that they will be removed from the requirements specification
• D. You should not open any defect report as the problem is most likely due to poor hardware equipment on the devices where you observed the issue

Answer: B

Explanation:
Explanation
As a functional tester, you should open a defect report providing detailed information on which devices and by running which tests you observed the issue. A defect report is a document that records the occurrence, nature, and status of a defect detected during testing, and provides information for further investigation and resolution.
A defect report should include relevant information such as the defect summary, the defect description, the defect severity, the defect priority, the defect status, the defect origin, the defect category, the defect reproduction steps, the defect screenshots, the defect attachments, etc. Opening a defect report is a good practice for any tester who finds a defect in the software system, regardless of the type or level of testing performed. The other options are not recommended, because:
The issue is related to performance efficiency, not functionality, but that does not mean that as a functional tester, you should not open any defect report as all the functional tests passed. Performance efficiency is a quality characteristic that measures how well the software system performs its functions under stated conditions, such as the response time, the resource utilization, the throughput, etc.
Performance efficiency is an important aspect of the user experience, especially for web applications that run on different devices and networks. Even if the functional tests passed, meaning that the software system met the functional requirements, the performance issue observed on some devices could still affect the user satisfaction, the usability, the reliability, and the security of the software system.
Therefore, as a functional tester, you have the responsibility to report the performance issue as a defect, and provide as much information as possible to help the developers or the performance testers to investigate and resolve it.

NEW QUESTION # 55
A company wants to reward each of its salespeople with an annual bonus that represents the sum of all the bonuses accumulated for every single sale made by that salesperson. The bonus for a single sale can take on the following four values: 3%, 5%, 7% and 10% (the percentage refers to the amount of the single sale). These values are determined on the basis of the type of customer (classified as "Basic" or "Premium") to which such sale was made, and on the amount of such sale classified into the following three groups G1, G2 and G3:
* [G1]: less than 300 euros
* [G2]: between 300 and 2000 euros
* [G3]: greater than 2000 euros
Which of the following is the minimum number of test cases needed to cover the full decision table associated with this scenario?

• A. 0
• B. 1
• C. 2
• D. 3

Answer: A

Explanation:
The minimum number of test cases needed to cover the full decision table associated with this scenario is 6. This is because the decision table has 4 conditions (type of customer and amount of sale) and 4 actions (bonus percentage). The conditions have 2 possible values each (Basic or Premium, and G1, G2 or G3), so the total number of combinations is 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 16. However, not all combinations are valid, as some of them are contradictory or impossible. For example, a sale cannot be both less than 300 euros and greater than 2000 euros at the same time. Therefore, we need to eliminate the invalid combinations and keep only the valid ones. The valid combinations are:
Type of customer
Amount of sale
Bonus percentage
Basic
G1
3%
Basic
G2
5%
Basic
G3
7%
Premium
G1
5%
Premium
G2
7%
Premium
G3
10%
These 6 combinations cover all the possible values of the conditions and actions, and they are the minimum number of test cases needed to cover the full decision table.

NEW QUESTION # 56
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